Standing on a straw mat armed only with a folding fan (buchae) and handkerchief, a solo vocalist alternates hushed aniri spoken narration, seong-eum husky vocal projection trained beside waterfalls, and ballim gesture across up to eight hours to perform one of the five surviving classical madang epics. 1
The gosu drummer punctuates phrases with rhythmic jangdan cycles and spoken chuimsae encouragement. Inscribed by UNESCO in 2008. 1
